Based on differences in the carbon skeleton, phenolic acids can be mainly divided into two categories: hydroxycinnamic acid (e.g., cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and hydroxybenzoic acid (e.g., gallic acid, ellagic acid, syringic acid, and Danshensu) [157]
Gomisin A enhances tumor necrosis factor--induced G1 cell cycle arrest via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein
Buteau J, Foisy S, Joly E, Prentki M (2003) Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces pancreatic beta-cell proliferation via transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor
Glucagon-like peptide-1: A multi-faceted anti-inflammatory agent
Furthermore, it has been suggested that melanotan 2 actually lowers the level of acetylcholine A carboxylase expression and even prevents the reduction of carnitine and palmitoyltransferase I mRNA in muscle-type tissues by pair-feeding in the muscles of obese rats