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In the HG/TGF--induced HK-2 and STZ-induced diabetic rat models, the expression of the relevant mitochondrial functional proteins PINK1, Parkin, Fundc1, LC3II, Atg5, MFN2, and MFN1 was significantly reduced, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist treatment increased the expression of the relevant proteins, alleviated the dysfunction of mitophagy, inhibited mitochondrial fission, reduced mitochondrial ROS, and increased the integrity of MAMs, leading to the conclusion that VDR agonists can promote the restoration of mitophagy by regulating the MFN2-MAMs-Fundc1 pathway in renal tubular cells, and thus play a nephroprotective role [138]
According to NICE and product licences, treatment should be discontinued if weight loss of at least 5% of initial body weight has not been achieved
A thorough medical evaluation is essential before starting any GLP-1 medication
Food companies are also bracing for GLP-1 consumers to buy fewer sugary snacks and drinks