The authors administered oral Dihexa to APP/PS1 transgenic mice (a standard amyloidopathy model of Alzheimers disease) and showed that brain AngIV levels were elevated relative to wild-type after Dihexa administration, that spatial learning and memory were restored on Morris water maze testing, that hippocampal neuronal density and synaptophysin protein expression were preserved, that astrocyte and microglial activation were reduced, and that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-) decreased while anti-inflammatory IL-10 increased
10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00722-5 Cell 68 PatelS
Each has its own proposed mechanism, drawn almost entirely from cell-culture and animal models none is established in humans
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Crude comparisons: We compared demographics, co-morbidities [Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), organ dysfunction, diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular diagnoses], lifestyle (alcohol, tobacco), others (head injury, PTSD, depression) & hepatitis B/C