With increasing frequency over the past few years, optometrists across the country have gotten referrals from internists requesting baseline diabetic retinopathy (DR) screenings for patients about to start therapy with one of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Novo Nordisk), tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Eli Lilly) and dulaglutide (Trulicity, Eli Lilly
Among the three non-selenium glutathione peroxidases, GPx5 is secreted from the epididymis and is thought to protect sperm from peroxide-mediated attacks during maturation
They need to be used in addition to healthy eating, regular movement, quality sleep, and stress management
N Engl J Med 389:514526 Jerlhag E (2023) The therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 for persons with addictions based on findings from preclinical and clinical studies
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