Although GLP-1RAs can reduce inflammatory signaling, this effect does not necessarily ensure that precursor inflow remains proportionate to ongoing NAD turnover [75, 105]
This adaptation phase is temporary in most cases but can be managed by eating smaller, frequent meals, staying hydrated with water or low-sugar beverages, and giving your body time to adjust
Non-enzymatic antioxidants are water-soluble (ascorbic acid, glutathione, thioredoxin, bilirubin, urates act in the aqueous phase (cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus)) and fat-soluble (tocopherols, carotenoids, ubiquinone act in the lipid phase)
Another small-scale study of 253 older T2DM patients with and without AD yielded a similar conclusion that DPP4i use was associated with better cognitive performance compared with metformin (mean [SD] change in MMSE score in sitagliptin group versus metformin group over 6 months in patients without AD: 0.95 2.17 versus 2.50 3.03) (Isik et al., 2017)
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