acetyl-l-carnitine shuttles fatty acids into mitochondria Carnitine Shuttle - an overview Carnitine shuttle system and beta

The percentage that reaches systemic circulation intact is estimated to be quite low, though exact figures for GHK-Cu specifically aren't well established in published literature

However, these regimens have been plagued with long term drug toxicity leading to retarded neutrite growth, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress 18

*Journal of Protein Chemistry*, 37(5), 543-552

Causes of Poor Healing: Nutrient deficiencies, compromised immune function, diabetes, and poor circulation

Photo by Innerbody Research Nootropics Depot itself claims the silymarin is meant to increase the uptake of berberine, which (like silymarin) has a low bioavailability when taken orally