In this review, we emphasize on (1) GSH depletion as a fundamental risk factor for diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis (ischemic heart disease and stroke), (2) importance of oxidative stress and antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, (3) significance of GSH to counteract persistent damaging inflammation, inflammaging and early (premature) inflammaging associated with cell and tissue damage caused by excessive oxidative stress and lack of adequate antioxidant defenses in younger individuals, and (4) new therapies that include antioxidant defenses restoration
Collagen is a structural protein, while peptides act as signaling molecules that tell the body how to repair and regenerate tissue
Combinations of different degenerative features may occur with or without inflammation and/or necrosis
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The study was approved by the University of Louisville Institutional Review Board (IRB number: 14.0614, S1 Protocol)