Although analgesics such as NSAIDs are widely used for pain control, they cause some adverse reactions such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding [1, 2, 3]
When symptoms are attributed to high B12 intake, they typically include: Skin reactions : Acne-like eruptions or rosacea-type rashes, particularly with hydroxocobalamin injections (listed as rare adverse effects in the product information) Gastrointestinal disturbances : Mild nausea, diarrhoea, or abdominal discomfort Headaches : Occasional reports of headache following B12 injections Anxiety or restlessness : Anecdotal reports, though causation remains unestablished It is crucial to distinguish between symptoms caused by elevated B12 levels and those arising from the underlying conditions that elevate B12
In mice, these lobules have a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm, while in humans, the diameter is around 1 mm (Teutsch, 2005
1 This lack of understanding in its diagnosis and management is reflected by the fact that diagnosis is often delayed by 8-10 years after the onset of symptoms
Changes in mitochondrial morphology are synergistically regulated by mitochondrial fusion genes ( optic atrophy gene 1 (OPA1) , MFN1 , and MFN2 ) and mitochondrial fission genes ( DRP1 ) and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy (Zacharioudakis and Gavathiotis 2023)