Neoplasia 9:111121, PMID: 18084618 Hartnett L, Egan LJ (2012) Inflammation, DNA methylation and colitis-associated cancer
The primary mechanisms of action include: Enhancing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner, which helps lower blood glucose levels without causing hypoglycaemia when used alone Suppressing glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells, reducing hepatic glucose production Slowing gastric emptying , which prolongs the feeling of fullness after meals Acting on appetite centres in the brain , particularly the hypothalamus, to reduce hunger and food intake GLP-1 receptor agonists are typically administered via subcutaneous injection, with dosing frequencies ranging from once daily to once weekly depending on the specific medication, though oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) is also available
Zepbound also has FDA approval for the treatment of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity, marking the first pharmacologic therapy indicated for this condition
Among individuals with diabetes, 43% report ever taking these medications, while 22% of those told they are overweight or obese have used them ^19
Even with adequate thyroid hormone replacement, many patients experience persistent difficulties with weight control due to alterations in basal metabolic rate, changes in body composition, and potential insulin resistance