KPV is a synthetic tripeptide (C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone)
Specifically, paired amplifications of oxidation and reduction currents is a characteristic signature of redox-cycling 24 and suggests that the melanins can participate in both oxidative and reductive redox-cycling by being switched to a reduced state (by accepting electrons from the mediators
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra041536 3 EssahPANestlerJE
Bhatti S, Richards R, Wall CL, MacPherson MJ, Stemmler K, Lalonde CG, McGinn PJ (2023) Phycoremediation and simultaneous production of protein-rich algal biomass from aquaculture and agriculture wastewaters
Its research on collagen synthesis, wound healing, anti-inflammatory activity, and skin remodeling is robust by cosmetic ingredient standards