While elevated plasma concentrations of L-carnitine are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular incidentssuch as heart attack, stroke, and deathindependent of traditional CVD risk factors, this appears to only be true when TMAO is also elevated.6 Proposed mechanisms include effects on cholesterol, the hormone angiotensin IIwhich can raise blood pressure, and increased platelet clumping, possibly leading to blood clots.7.8 A 2020 cross-sectional study using data from 1,653 participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study identified several associations of plasma levels of TMAO and its precursors, including carnitine, with inflammatory and cardiometabolic biomarkers
In the mirror
Its best to check with your doctor before taking more than what youd find in a standard daily multivitamin
The lack of well-designed, comprehensive, human clinical studies means that there is little to no reliable scientific evidence to support the safety or effectiveness of BPC-157 in humans. A measure in the Defense authorization bill that passed the House would remove legally-available peptides from the DoDs prohibited substances list
Tamai I, Nakanishi T, Kobayashi D, China K, Kosugi Y, Nezu J, et al